<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="zh-CN">


<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="keywords" content="MySQL是怎么保证数据不丢失的, Gtwff">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <meta name="renderer" content="webkit|ie-stand|ie-comp">
    <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
    <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade">
    <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->

<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id="></script>
<script>
    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
    function gtag() {
        dataLayer.push(arguments);
    }

    gtag('js', new Date());
    gtag('config', '');
</script>


    <title>MySQL是怎么保证数据不丢失的 | Gtwff</title>
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon.png">

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/libs/awesome/css/all.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/libs/materialize/materialize.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/libs/aos/aos.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/libs/animate/animate.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/libs/lightGallery/css/lightgallery.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/matery.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/my.css">

    <script src="/libs/jquery/jquery.min.js"></script>

<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 5.4.0"></head>



   <style>
    body{
       background-image: url(https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Tokisaki-Galaxy/res/site/medias/background.jpg);
       background-repeat:no-repeat;
       background-size:cover;
       background-attachment:fixed;
    }
</style>



<body>
    <header class="navbar-fixed">
    <nav id="headNav" class="bg-color nav-transparent">
        <div id="navContainer" class="nav-wrapper container">
            <div class="brand-logo">
                <a href="/" class="waves-effect waves-light">
                    
                    <img src="/medias/logo.png" class="logo-img" alt="LOGO">
                    
                    <span class="logo-span">Gtwff</span>
                </a>
            </div>
            

<a href="#" data-target="mobile-nav" class="sidenav-trigger button-collapse"><i class="fas fa-bars"></i></a>
<ul class="right nav-menu">
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-home" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>首页</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/tags" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-tags" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>标签</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/categories" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-bookmark" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>分类</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/archives" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-archive" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>归档</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/about" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-user-circle" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>关于</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/contact" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-comments" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>留言板</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li class="hide-on-med-and-down nav-item">
    
    <a href="/friends" class="waves-effect waves-light">
      
      <i class="fas fa-address-book" style="zoom: 0.6;"></i>
      
      <span>友情链接</span>
    </a>
    
  </li>
  
  <li>
    <a href="#searchModal" class="modal-trigger waves-effect waves-light">
      <i id="searchIcon" class="fas fa-search" title="搜索" style="zoom: 0.85;"></i>
    </a>
  </li>
</ul>


<div id="mobile-nav" class="side-nav sidenav">

    <div class="mobile-head bg-color">
        
        <img src="/medias/logo.png" class="logo-img circle responsive-img">
        
        <div class="logo-name">Gtwff</div>
        <div class="logo-desc">
            
            Never really desperate, only the lost of the soul.
            
        </div>
    </div>

    <ul class="menu-list mobile-menu-list">
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-home"></i>
			
			首页
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/tags" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-tags"></i>
			
			标签
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/categories" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-bookmark"></i>
			
			分类
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/archives" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-archive"></i>
			
			归档
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/about" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-user-circle"></i>
			
			关于
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/contact" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-comments"></i>
			
			留言板
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        <li class="m-nav-item">
	  
		<a href="/friends" class="waves-effect waves-light">
			
			    <i class="fa-fw fas fa-address-book"></i>
			
			友情链接
		</a>
          
        </li>
        
        
        <li><div class="divider"></div></li>
        <li>
            <a href="https://gitee.com/kuangty/kuangty" class="waves-effect waves-light" target="_blank">
                <i class="fab fa-github-square fa-fw"></i>Fork Me
            </a>
        </li>
        
    </ul>
</div>


        </div>

        
            <style>
    .nav-transparent .github-corner {
        display: none !important;
    }

    .github-corner {
        position: absolute;
        z-index: 10;
        top: 0;
        right: 0;
        border: 0;
        transform: scale(1.1);
    }

    .github-corner svg {
        color: #0f9d58;
        fill: #fff;
        height: 64px;
        width: 64px;
    }

    .github-corner:hover .octo-arm {
        animation: a 0.56s ease-in-out;
    }

    .github-corner .octo-arm {
        animation: none;
    }

    @keyframes a {
        0%,
        to {
            transform: rotate(0);
        }
        20%,
        60% {
            transform: rotate(-25deg);
        }
        40%,
        80% {
            transform: rotate(10deg);
        }
    }
</style>

<a href="https://gitee.com/kuangty/kuangty" class="github-corner tooltipped hide-on-med-and-down" target="_blank"
   data-tooltip="Fork Me" data-position="left" data-delay="50">
    <svg viewBox="0 0 250 250" aria-hidden="true">
        <path d="M0,0 L115,115 L130,115 L142,142 L250,250 L250,0 Z"></path>
        <path d="M128.3,109.0 C113.8,99.7 119.0,89.6 119.0,89.6 C122.0,82.7 120.5,78.6 120.5,78.6 C119.2,72.0 123.4,76.3 123.4,76.3 C127.3,80.9 125.5,87.3 125.5,87.3 C122.9,97.6 130.6,101.9 134.4,103.2"
              fill="currentColor" style="transform-origin: 130px 106px;" class="octo-arm"></path>
        <path d="M115.0,115.0 C114.9,115.1 118.7,116.5 119.8,115.4 L133.7,101.6 C136.9,99.2 139.9,98.4 142.2,98.6 C133.8,88.0 127.5,74.4 143.8,58.0 C148.5,53.4 154.0,51.2 159.7,51.0 C160.3,49.4 163.2,43.6 171.4,40.1 C171.4,40.1 176.1,42.5 178.8,56.2 C183.1,58.6 187.2,61.8 190.9,65.4 C194.5,69.0 197.7,73.2 200.1,77.6 C213.8,80.2 216.3,84.9 216.3,84.9 C212.7,93.1 206.9,96.0 205.4,96.6 C205.1,102.4 203.0,107.8 198.3,112.5 C181.9,128.9 168.3,122.5 157.7,114.1 C157.9,116.9 156.7,120.9 152.7,124.9 L141.0,136.5 C139.8,137.7 141.6,141.9 141.8,141.8 Z"
              fill="currentColor" class="octo-body"></path>
    </svg>
</a>
        
    </nav>

</header>

    



<div class="bg-cover pd-header post-cover" style="background-image: url('/medias/featureimages/15.jpg')">
    <div class="container" style="right: 0px;left: 0px;">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col s12 m12 l12">
                <div class="brand">
                    <h1 class="description center-align post-title">MySQL是怎么保证数据不丢失的</h1>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>




<main class="post-container content">

    
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libs/tocbot/tocbot.css">
<style>
    #articleContent h1::before,
    #articleContent h2::before,
    #articleContent h3::before,
    #articleContent h4::before,
    #articleContent h5::before,
    #articleContent h6::before {
        display: block;
        content: " ";
        height: 100px;
        margin-top: -100px;
        visibility: hidden;
    }

    #articleContent :focus {
        outline: none;
    }

    .toc-fixed {
        position: fixed;
        top: 64px;
    }

    .toc-widget {
        width: 345px;
        padding-left: 20px;
    }

    .toc-widget .toc-title {
        padding: 35px 0 15px 17px;
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        font-weight: bold;
        line-height: 1.5rem;
    }

    .toc-widget ol {
        padding: 0;
        list-style: none;
    }

    #toc-content {
        padding-bottom: 30px;
        overflow: auto;
    }

    #toc-content ol {
        padding-left: 10px;
    }

    #toc-content ol li {
        padding-left: 10px;
    }

    #toc-content .toc-link:hover {
        color: #42b983;
        font-weight: 700;
        text-decoration: underline;
    }

    #toc-content .toc-link::before {
        background-color: transparent;
        max-height: 25px;

        position: absolute;
        right: 23.5vw;
        display: block;
    }

    #toc-content .is-active-link {
        color: #42b983;
    }

    #floating-toc-btn {
        position: fixed;
        right: 15px;
        bottom: 76px;
        padding-top: 15px;
        margin-bottom: 0;
        z-index: 998;
    }

    #floating-toc-btn .btn-floating {
        width: 48px;
        height: 48px;
    }

    #floating-toc-btn .btn-floating i {
        line-height: 48px;
        font-size: 1.4rem;
    }
</style>
<div class="row">
    <div id="main-content" class="col s12 m12 l9">
        <!-- 文章内容详情 -->
<div id="artDetail">
    <div class="card">
        <div class="card-content article-info">
            <div class="row tag-cate">
                <div class="col s7">
                    
                    <div class="article-tag">
                        
                            <a href="/tags/MySQL%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%A2%E5%A4%B1/">
                                <span class="chip bg-color">MySQL保证数据不丢失</span>
                            </a>
                        
                    </div>
                    
                </div>
                <div class="col s5 right-align">
                    
                    <div class="post-cate">
                        <i class="fas fa-bookmark fa-fw icon-category"></i>
                        
                            <a href="/categories/MySQL/" class="post-category">
                                MySQL
                            </a>
                        
                    </div>
                    
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="post-info">
                
                <div class="post-date info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-calendar-minus fa-fw"></i>发布日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2021-10-28
                </div>
                

                
                <div class="post-date info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-calendar-check fa-fw"></i>更新日期:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2022-05-03
                </div>
                

                
                <div class="info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw"></i>文章字数:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    2.6k
                </div>
                

                
                <div class="info-break-policy">
                    <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw"></i>阅读时长:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                    9 分
                </div>
                

                
                    <div id="busuanzi_container_page_pv" class="info-break-policy">
                        <i class="far fa-eye fa-fw"></i>阅读次数:&nbsp;&nbsp;
                        <span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span>
                    </div>
				
            </div>
        </div>
        <hr class="clearfix">

        
        <!-- 是否加载使用自带的 prismjs. -->
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libs/prism/prism.css">
        

        
        <!-- 代码块折行 -->
        <style type="text/css">
            code[class*="language-"], pre[class*="language-"] { white-space: pre-wrap !important; }
        </style>
        

        <div class="card-content article-card-content">
            <div id="articleContent">
                <p>MySQL中保证数据不丢失主要是binlog和redo log 的功劳，下面我们就看看MySQL是怎么保证这两种日志不丢失的。</p>
<h2 id="binlog的写入机制"><a href="#binlog的写入机制" class="headerlink" title="binlog的写入机制"></a>binlog的写入机制</h2><p>binlog 的写入逻辑比较简单：事务执行过程中，先把日志写到 binlog cache，事务提交的时候，再把 binlog cache 写到 binlog 文件中。</p>
<p>一个事务的 binlog 是不能被拆开的，因此不论这个事务多大，也要确保一次性写入。这就涉及到了 binlog cache 的保存问题。</p>
<p>系统给 binlog cache 分配了一片内存，每个线程一个，参数 binlog_cache_size 用于控制单个线程内 binlog cache 所占内存的大小。如果超过了这个参数规定的大小，就要暂存到磁盘。</p>
<p>事务提交的时候，执行器把 binlog cache 里的完整事务写入到 binlog 中，并清空 binlog cache。状态如下图 所示。</p>
<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kuangtf/PictureBed/img/image-20220430115747115.png" alt="image-20220430115747115" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>可以看到，每个线程有自己 binlog cache，但是共用同一份 binlog 文件。</p>
<ul>
<li>图中的 write，指的就是指把日志写入到文件系统的 page cache，并没有把数据持久化到磁盘，所以速度比较快。</li>
<li>图中的 fsync，才是将数据持久化到磁盘的操作。一般情况下，我们认为 fsync 才占磁盘的 IOPS。</li>
</ul>
<p>write 和 fsync 的时机，是由参数 sync_binlog 控制的：</p>
<ol>
<li>sync_binlog=0 的时候，表示每次提交事务都只 write，不 fsync；</li>
<li>sync_binlog=1 的时候，表示每次提交事务都会执行 fsync；</li>
<li>sync_binlog=N(N&gt;1) 的时候，表示每次提交事务都 write，但累积 N 个事务后才 fsync。</li>
</ol>
<p>因此，在出现 IO 瓶颈的场景里，将 sync_binlog 设置成一个比较大的值，可以提升性能。在实际的业务场景中，考虑到丢失日志量的可控性，一般不建议将这个参数设成 0，比较常见的是将其设置为 100~1000 中的某个数值。</p>
<p>但是，将 sync_binlog 设置为 N，对应的风险是：如果主机发生异常重启，会丢失最近 N 个事务的 binlog 日志。</p>
<h2 id="redo-log-的写入机制"><a href="#redo-log-的写入机制" class="headerlink" title="redo log 的写入机制"></a>redo log 的写入机制</h2><p>在具体介绍之前，我们先了解一下 redo log buffer。</p>
<p>redo log buffer 就是一块内存，用来先存 redo 日志的。比如在执行一个 insert 的时候，数据的内存被修改了，redo log buffer 也写入了日志。</p>
<p>但是，真正把日志写到 redo log 文件（文件名是 ib_logfile+ 数字），是在执行 commit 语句的时候做的。如果 redo log buffer 持久到 redo log 之前， MySQL 发生异常重启，那这部分日志就丢了。由于事务并没有提交，所以这时日志丢了也不会有损失。</p>
<p>事务还没提交的时候，redo log buffer 中的部分日志有没有可能被持久化到磁盘呢？</p>
<p>答案是，确实会有。这个问题，要从 redo log 可能存在的三种状态说起。这三种状态，对应的就是下图中的三个颜色块：</p>
<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kuangtf/PictureBed/img/image-20220430122338496.png" alt="image-20220430122338496" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>这三种状态分别是：</p>
<ol>
<li>存在 redo log buffer 中，物理上是在 MySQL 进程内存中，就是图中的红色部分；</li>
<li>写到磁盘 (write)，但是没有持久化（fsync)，物理上是在文件系统的 page cache 里面，也就是图中的黄色部分；</li>
<li>持久化到磁盘，对应的是 hard disk，也就是图中的绿色部分。</li>
</ol>
<p>日志写到 redo log buffer 是很快的，wirte 到 page cache 也差不多，但是持久化到磁盘的速度就慢多了。</p>
<p>为了控制 redo log 的写入策略，InnoDB 提供了 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 参数，它有三种可能取值：</p>
<ol>
<li>设置为 0 的时候，表示每次事务提交时都只是把 redo log 留在 redo log buffer 中 ;</li>
<li>设置为 1 的时候，表示每次事务提交时都将 redo log 直接持久化到磁盘；</li>
<li>设置为 2 的时候，表示每次事务提交时都只是把 redo log 写到 page cache。</li>
</ol>
<p>InnoDB 有一个后台线程，每隔 1 秒，就会把 redo log buffer 中的日志，调用 write 写到文件系统的 page cache，然后调用 fsync 持久化到磁盘。</p>
<p>注意，事务执行中间过程的 redo log 也是直接写在 redo log buffer 中的，这些 redo log 也会被后台线程一起持久化到磁盘。也就是说，一个没有提交的事务的 redo log，也是可能已经持久化到磁盘的。</p>
<p>实际上，除了后台线程每秒一次的轮询操作外，还有两种场景会让一个没有提交的事务的 redo log 写入到磁盘中。</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>一种是，redo log buffer 占用的空间即将达到 innodb_log_buffer_size 一半的时候，后台线程会主动写盘。</strong>注意，由于这个事务并没有提交，所以这个写盘动作只是 write，而没有调用 fsync，也就是只留在了文件系统的 page cache。</li>
<li><strong>另一种是，并行的事务提交的时候，顺带将这个事务的 redo log buffer 持久化到磁盘。</strong>假设一个事务 A 执行到一半，已经写了一些 redo log 到 buffer 中，这时候有另外一个线程的事务 B 提交，如果 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 设置的是 1，那么按照这个参数的逻辑，事务 B 要把 redo log buffer 里的日志全部持久化到磁盘。这时候，就会带上事务 A 在 redo log buffer 里的日志一起持久化到磁盘。</li>
</ol>
<p>这里需要说明的是，我们介绍两阶段提交的时候说过，时序上 redo log 先 prepare， 再写 binlog，最后再把 redo log commit。</p>
<p>如果把 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 设置成 1，那么 redo log 在 prepare 阶段就要持久化一次，因为有一个崩溃恢复逻辑是要依赖于 prepare 的 redo log，再加上 binlog 来恢复的。</p>
<p>每秒一次后台轮询刷盘，再加上崩溃恢复这个逻辑，InnoDB 就认为 redo log 在 commit 的时候就不需要 fsync 了，只会 write 到文件系统的 page cache 中就够了。</p>
<p>通常我们说 MySQL 的“双 1”配置，指的就是 sync_binlog 和 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 都设置成 1。也就是说，一个事务完整提交前，需要等待两次刷盘，一次是 redo log（prepare 阶段），一次是 binlog。</p>
<p>这时候，你可能有一个疑问，这意味着我从 MySQL 看到的 TPS 是每秒两万的话，每秒就会写四万次磁盘。但是，我用工具测试出来，磁盘能力也就两万左右，怎么能实现两万的 TPS？</p>
<p>解释这个问题，就要用到组提交（group commit）机制了。</p>
<p>这里，我需要先和你介绍日志逻辑序列号（log sequence number，LSN）的概念。LSN 是单调递增的，用来对应 redo log 的一个个写入点。每次写入长度为 length 的 redo log， LSN 的值就会加上 length。</p>
<p>LSN 也会写到 InnoDB 的数据页中，来确保数据页不会被多次执行重复的 redo log。</p>
<p>如下图所示，是三个并发事务 (trx1, trx2, trx3) 在 prepare 阶段，都写完 redo log buffer，持久化到磁盘的过程，对应的 LSN 分别是 50、120 和 160。</p>
<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kuangtf/PictureBed/img/%E4%B8%8B%E8%BD%BD.png" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>从图中可以看到，</p>
<ol>
<li>trx1 是第一个到达的，会被选为这组的 leader；</li>
<li>等 trx1 要开始写盘的时候，这个组里面已经有了三个事务，这时候 LSN 也变成了 160；</li>
<li>trx1 去写盘的时候，带的就是 LSN=160，因此等 trx1 返回时，所有 LSN 小于等于 160 的 redo log，都已经被持久化到磁盘；</li>
<li>这时候 trx2 和 trx3 就可以直接返回了。</li>
</ol>
<p>所以，一次组提交里面，组员越多，节约磁盘 IOPS 的效果越好。但如果只有单线程压测，那就只能老老实实地一个事务对应一次持久化操作了。</p>
<p>在并发更新场景下，第一个事务写完 redo log buffer 以后，接下来这个 fsync 越晚调用，组员可能越多，节约 IOPS 的效果就越好。</p>
<p>为了让一次 fsync 带的组员更多，MySQL 有一个很有趣的优化：拖时间。在介绍两阶段提交的时候，我曾经给你画了一个图，现在我把它截过来。</p>
<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kuangtf/PictureBed/img/image-20220430151153724.png" alt="image-20220430151153724" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>图中，我把“写 binlog”当成一个动作。但实际上，写 binlog 是分成两步的：</p>
<ol>
<li>先把 binlog 从 binlog cache 中写到磁盘上的 binlog 文件；</li>
<li>调用 fsync 持久化。</li>
</ol>
<p>MySQL 为了让组提交的效果更好，把 redo log 做 fsync 的时间拖到了步骤 1 之后。也就是说，上面的图变成了这样：</p>
<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/kuangtf/PictureBed/img/image-20220430151239435.png" alt="image-20220430151239435" style="zoom:80%;" />

<p>这么一来，binlog 也可以组提交了。在执行图中第 4 步把 binlog fsync 到磁盘时，如果有多个事务的 binlog 已经写完了，也是一起持久化的，这样也可以减少 IOPS 的消耗。</p>
<p>不过通常情况下第 3 步执行得会很快，所以 binlog 的 write 和 fsync 间的间隔时间短，导致能集合到一起持久化的 binlog 比较少，因此 binlog 的组提交的效果通常不如 redo log 的效果那么好。</p>
<p>如果你想提升 binlog 组提交的效果，可以通过设置 binlog_group_commit_sync_delay 和 binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count 来实现。</p>
<ol>
<li>binlog_group_commit_sync_delay 参数，表示延迟多少微秒后才调用 fsync;</li>
<li>binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count 参数，表示累积多少次以后才调用 fsync。</li>
</ol>
<p>这两个条件是或的关系，也就是说只要有一个满足条件就会调用 fsync。所以，当 binlog_group_commit_sync_delay 设置为 0 的时候，binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count 也无效了。</p>
<p>我们知道WAL 机制是减少磁盘写，可是每次提交事务都要写 redo log 和 binlog，这磁盘读写次数也没变少呀？</p>
<p>WAL 机制主要得益于两个方面：</p>
<ol>
<li>redo log 和 binlog 都是顺序写，磁盘的顺序写比随机写速度要快；</li>
<li>组提交机制，可以大幅度降低磁盘的 IOPS 消耗。</li>
</ol>
<p>所以<strong>如果你的 MySQL 现在出现了性能瓶颈，而且瓶颈在 IO 上，可以通过哪些方法来提升性能呢？</strong></p>
<p>针对这个问题，可以考虑以下三种方法：</p>
<ol>
<li>设置 binlog_group_commit_sync_delay 和 binlog_group_commit_sync_no_delay_count 参数，减少 binlog 的写盘次数。这个方法是基于“额外的故意等待”来实现的，因此可能会增加语句的响应时间，但没有丢失数据的风险。</li>
<li>将 sync_binlog 设置为大于 1 的值（比较常见是 100~1000）。这样做的风险是，主机掉电时会丢 binlog 日志。</li>
<li>将 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit 设置为 2。这样做的风险是，主机掉电的时候会丢数据。</li>
</ol>

                
            </div>
            <hr/>

            

    <div class="reprint" id="reprint-statement">
        
            <div class="reprint__author">
                <span class="reprint-meta" style="font-weight: bold;">
                    <i class="fas fa-user">
                        文章作者:
                    </i>
                </span>
                <span class="reprint-info">
                    <a href="/about" rel="external nofollow noreferrer">Sky</a>
                </span>
            </div>
            <div class="reprint__type">
                <span class="reprint-meta" style="font-weight: bold;">
                    <i class="fas fa-link">
                        文章链接:
                    </i>
                </span>
                <span class="reprint-info">
                    <a href="https://kuangty.gitee.io/2021/10/28/MySQL/MySQL%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%A2%E5%A4%B1%E7%9A%84/">https://kuangty.gitee.io/2021/10/28/MySQL/MySQL%E6%98%AF%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%A2%E5%A4%B1%E7%9A%84/</a>
                </span>
            </div>
            <div class="reprint__notice">
                <span class="reprint-meta" style="font-weight: bold;">
                    <i class="fas fa-copyright">
                        版权声明:
                    </i>
                </span>
                <span class="reprint-info">
                    本博客所有文章除特別声明外，均采用
                    <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.zh" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a>
                    许可协议。转载请注明来源
                    <a href="/about" target="_blank">Sky</a>
                    !
                </span>
            </div>
        
    </div>

    <script async defer>
      document.addEventListener("copy", function (e) {
        let toastHTML = '<span>复制成功，请遵循本文的转载规则</span><button class="btn-flat toast-action" onclick="navToReprintStatement()" style="font-size: smaller">查看</a>';
        M.toast({html: toastHTML})
      });

      function navToReprintStatement() {
        $("html, body").animate({scrollTop: $("#reprint-statement").offset().top - 80}, 800);
      }
    </script>



            <div class="tag_share" style="display: block;">
                <div class="post-meta__tag-list" style="display: inline-block;">
                    
                        <div class="article-tag">
                            
                                <a href="/tags/MySQL%E4%BF%9D%E8%AF%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%A2%E5%A4%B1/">
                                    <span class="chip bg-color">MySQL保证数据不丢失</span>
                                </a>
                            
                        </div>
                    
                </div>
                <div class="post_share" style="zoom: 80%; width: fit-content; display: inline-block; float: right; margin: -0.15rem 0;">
                    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/libs/share/css/share.min.css">
<div id="article-share">

    
    <div class="social-share" data-sites="twitter,facebook,google,qq,qzone,wechat,weibo,douban,linkedin" data-wechat-qrcode-helper="<p>微信扫一扫即可分享！</p>"></div>
    <script src="/libs/share/js/social-share.min.js"></script>
    

    

</div>

                </div>
            </div>
            
                <style>
    #reward {
        margin: 40px 0;
        text-align: center;
    }

    #reward .reward-link {
        font-size: 1.4rem;
        line-height: 38px;
    }

    #reward .btn-floating:hover {
        box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    }

    #rewardModal {
        width: 320px;
        height: 350px;
    }

    #rewardModal .reward-title {
        margin: 15px auto;
        padding-bottom: 5px;
    }

    #rewardModal .modal-content {
        padding: 10px;
    }

    #rewardModal .close {
        position: absolute;
        right: 15px;
        top: 15px;
        color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
        font-size: 1.3rem;
        line-height: 20px;
        cursor: pointer;
    }

    #rewardModal .close:hover {
        color: #ef5350;
        transform: scale(1.3);
        -moz-transform:scale(1.3);
        -webkit-transform:scale(1.3);
        -o-transform:scale(1.3);
    }

    #rewardModal .reward-tabs {
        margin: 0 auto;
        width: 210px;
    }

    .reward-tabs .tabs {
        height: 38px;
        margin: 10px auto;
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    .reward-content ul {
        padding-left: 0 !important;
    }

    .reward-tabs .tabs .tab {
        height: 38px;
        line-height: 38px;
    }

    .reward-tabs .tab a {
        color: #fff;
        background-color: #ccc;
    }

    .reward-tabs .tab a:hover {
        background-color: #ccc;
        color: #fff;
    }

    .reward-tabs .wechat-tab .active {
        color: #fff !important;
        background-color: #22AB38 !important;
    }

    .reward-tabs .alipay-tab .active {
        color: #fff !important;
        background-color: #019FE8 !important;
    }

    .reward-tabs .reward-img {
        width: 210px;
        height: 210px;
    }
</style>

<div id="reward">
    <a href="#rewardModal" class="reward-link modal-trigger btn-floating btn-medium waves-effect waves-light red">赏</a>

    <!-- Modal Structure -->
    <div id="rewardModal" class="modal">
        <div class="modal-content">
            <a class="close modal-close"><i class="fas fa-times"></i></a>
            <h4 class="reward-title">你的赏识是我前进的动力</h4>
            <div class="reward-content">
                <div class="reward-tabs">
                    <ul class="tabs row">
                        <li class="tab col s6 alipay-tab waves-effect waves-light"><a href="#alipay">支付宝</a></li>
                        <li class="tab col s6 wechat-tab waves-effect waves-light"><a href="#wechat">微 信</a></li>
                    </ul>
                    <div id="alipay">
                        <img src="/medias/reward/alipay.jpg" class="reward-img" alt="支付宝打赏二维码">
                    </div>
                    <div id="wechat">
                        <img src="/medias/reward/wechat.png" class="reward-img" alt="微信打赏二维码">
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script>
    $(function () {
        $('.tabs').tabs();
    });
</script>

            
        </div>
    </div>

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

    

<article id="prenext-posts" class="prev-next articles">
    <div class="row article-row">
        
        <div class="article col s12 m6" data-aos="fade-up">
            <div class="article-badge left-badge text-color">
                <i class="fas fa-chevron-left"></i>&nbsp;上一篇</div>
            <div class="card">
                <a href="/2021/10/28/MySQL/%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5%E7%90%86%E8%A7%A3MySQL%E9%94%81/">
                    <div class="card-image">
                        
                        
                        <img src="/medias/featureimages/16.jpg" class="responsive-img" alt="深入理解MySQL锁">
                        
                        <span class="card-title">深入理解MySQL锁</span>
                    </div>
                </a>
                <div class="card-content article-content">
                    <div class="summary block-with-text">
                        
                            
                        
                    </div>
                    <div class="publish-info">
                        <span class="publish-date">
                            <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw icon-date"></i>2021-10-28
                        </span>
                        <span class="publish-author">
                            
                            <i class="fas fa-bookmark fa-fw icon-category"></i>
                            
                            <a href="/categories/MySQL/" class="post-category">
                                    MySQL
                                </a>
                            
                            
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card-action article-tags">
                    
                    <a href="/tags/MySQL%E9%94%81/">
                        <span class="chip bg-color">MySQL锁</span>
                    </a>
                    
                </div>
                
            </div>
        </div>
        
        
        <div class="article col s12 m6" data-aos="fade-up">
            <div class="article-badge right-badge text-color">
                下一篇&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i>
            </div>
            <div class="card">
                <a href="/2021/10/28/Redis/%E6%97%81%E8%B7%AF%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98/">
                    <div class="card-image">
                        
                        
                        <img src="/medias/featureimages/9.jpg" class="responsive-img" alt="旁路缓存：Redis 是如何工作的">
                        
                        <span class="card-title">旁路缓存：Redis 是如何工作的</span>
                    </div>
                </a>
                <div class="card-content article-content">
                    <div class="summary block-with-text">
                        
                            
                        
                    </div>
                    <div class="publish-info">
                            <span class="publish-date">
                                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw icon-date"></i>2021-10-28
                            </span>
                        <span class="publish-author">
                            
                            <i class="fas fa-bookmark fa-fw icon-category"></i>
                            
                            <a href="/categories/Redis/" class="post-category">
                                    Redis
                                </a>
                            
                            
                        </span>
                    </div>
                </div>
                
                <div class="card-action article-tags">
                    
                    <a href="/tags/%E6%97%81%E8%B7%AF%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98/">
                        <span class="chip bg-color">旁路缓存</span>
                    </a>
                    
                </div>
                
            </div>
        </div>
        
    </div>
</article>

</div>



<!-- 代码块功能依赖 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="/libs/codeBlock/codeBlockFuction.js"></script>

<!-- 代码语言 -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="/libs/codeBlock/codeLang.js"></script>


<!-- 代码块复制 -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="/libs/codeBlock/codeCopy.js"></script>


<!-- 代码块收缩 -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="/libs/codeBlock/codeShrink.js"></script>


    </div>
    <div id="toc-aside" class="expanded col l3 hide-on-med-and-down">
        <div class="toc-widget card" style="background-color: white;">
            <div class="toc-title"><i class="far fa-list-alt"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;目录</div>
            <div id="toc-content"></div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<!-- TOC 悬浮按钮. -->

<div id="floating-toc-btn" class="hide-on-med-and-down">
    <a class="btn-floating btn-large bg-color">
        <i class="fas fa-list-ul"></i>
    </a>
</div>


<script src="/libs/tocbot/tocbot.min.js"></script>
<script>
    $(function () {
        tocbot.init({
            tocSelector: '#toc-content',
            contentSelector: '#articleContent',
            headingsOffset: -($(window).height() * 0.4 - 45),
            collapseDepth: Number('0'),
            headingSelector: 'h1, h2, h3, h4'
        });

        // modify the toc link href to support Chinese.
        let i = 0;
        let tocHeading = 'toc-heading-';
        $('#toc-content a').each(function () {
            $(this).attr('href', '#' + tocHeading + (++i));
        });

        // modify the heading title id to support Chinese.
        i = 0;
        $('#articleContent').children('h1, h2, h3, h4').each(function () {
            $(this).attr('id', tocHeading + (++i));
        });

        // Set scroll toc fixed.
        let tocHeight = parseInt($(window).height() * 0.4 - 64);
        let $tocWidget = $('.toc-widget');
        $(window).scroll(function () {
            let scroll = $(window).scrollTop();
            /* add post toc fixed. */
            if (scroll > tocHeight) {
                $tocWidget.addClass('toc-fixed');
            } else {
                $tocWidget.removeClass('toc-fixed');
            }
        });

        
        /* 修复文章卡片 div 的宽度. */
        let fixPostCardWidth = function (srcId, targetId) {
            let srcDiv = $('#' + srcId);
            if (srcDiv.length === 0) {
                return;
            }

            let w = srcDiv.width();
            if (w >= 450) {
                w = w + 21;
            } else if (w >= 350 && w < 450) {
                w = w + 18;
            } else if (w >= 300 && w < 350) {
                w = w + 16;
            } else {
                w = w + 14;
            }
            $('#' + targetId).width(w);
        };

        // 切换TOC目录展开收缩的相关操作.
        const expandedClass = 'expanded';
        let $tocAside = $('#toc-aside');
        let $mainContent = $('#main-content');
        $('#floating-toc-btn .btn-floating').click(function () {
            if ($tocAside.hasClass(expandedClass)) {
                $tocAside.removeClass(expandedClass).hide();
                $mainContent.removeClass('l9');
            } else {
                $tocAside.addClass(expandedClass).show();
                $mainContent.addClass('l9');
            }
            fixPostCardWidth('artDetail', 'prenext-posts');
        });
        
    });
</script>

    

</main>




    <footer class="page-footer bg-color">
    
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="/libs/aplayer/APlayer.min.css">
<style>
    .aplayer .aplayer-lrc p {
        
        display: none;
        
        font-size: 12px;
        font-weight: 700;
        line-height: 16px !important;
    }

    .aplayer .aplayer-lrc p.aplayer-lrc-current {
        
        display: none;
        
        font-size: 15px;
        color: #42b983;
    }

    
    .aplayer.aplayer-fixed.aplayer-narrow .aplayer-body {
        left: -66px !important;
    }

    .aplayer.aplayer-fixed.aplayer-narrow .aplayer-body:hover {
        left: 0px !important;
    }

    
</style>
<div class="">
    
    <div class="row">
        <meting-js class="col l8 offset-l2 m10 offset-m1 s12"
                   server="netease"
                   type="playlist"
                   id="503838841"
                   fixed='true'
                   autoplay='false'
                   theme='#42b983'
                   loop='all'
                   order='random'
                   preload='auto'
                   volume='0.7'
                   list-folded='true'
        >
        </meting-js>
    </div>
</div>

<script src="/libs/aplayer/APlayer.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/meting@2/dist/Meting.min.js"></script>

    

    <div class="container row center-align"
         style="margin-bottom: 15px !important;">
        <div class="col s12 m8 l8 copy-right">
            Copyright&nbsp;&copy;
            
                <span id="year">2019-2022</span>
            
            <span id="year">2019</span>
            <a href="/about" target="_blank">Gtwff</a>
            |&nbsp;Powered by&nbsp;<a href="https://hexo.io/" target="_blank">Hexo</a>
            |&nbsp;Theme&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/blinkfox/hexo-theme-matery" target="_blank">Matery</a>
            <br>
            
                &nbsp;<i class="fas fa-chart-area"></i>&nbsp;站点总字数:&nbsp;<span
                        class="white-color">577.4k</span>
            
            
            
                
            
            
                <span id="busuanzi_container_site_pv">
                &nbsp;|&nbsp;<i class="far fa-eye"></i>&nbsp;总访问量:&nbsp;
                    <span id="busuanzi_value_site_pv" class="white-color"></span>
            </span>
            
            
                <span id="busuanzi_container_site_uv">
                &nbsp;|&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-users"></i>&nbsp;总访问人数:&nbsp;
                    <span id="busuanzi_value_site_uv" class="white-color"></span>
            </span>
            
            <br>

            <!-- 运行天数提醒. -->
            
                <span id="sitetime"> Loading ...</span>
                <script>
                    var calcSiteTime = function () {
                        var seconds = 1000;
                        var minutes = seconds * 60;
                        var hours = minutes * 60;
                        var days = hours * 24;
                        var years = days * 365;
                        var today = new Date();
                        var startYear = "2019";
                        var startMonth = "6";
                        var startDate = "28";
                        var startHour = "0";
                        var startMinute = "0";
                        var startSecond = "0";
                        var todayYear = today.getFullYear();
                        var todayMonth = today.getMonth() + 1;
                        var todayDate = today.getDate();
                        var todayHour = today.getHours();
                        var todayMinute = today.getMinutes();
                        var todaySecond = today.getSeconds();
                        var t1 = Date.UTC(startYear, startMonth, startDate, startHour, startMinute, startSecond);
                        var t2 = Date.UTC(todayYear, todayMonth, todayDate, todayHour, todayMinute, todaySecond);
                        var diff = t2 - t1;
                        var diffYears = Math.floor(diff / years);
                        var diffDays = Math.floor((diff / days) - diffYears * 365);

                        // 区分是否有年份.
                        var language = 'zh-CN';
                        if (startYear === String(todayYear)) {
                            document.getElementById("year").innerHTML = todayYear;
                            var daysTip = 'This site has been running for ' + diffDays + ' days';
                            if (language === 'zh-CN') {
                                daysTip = '本站已运行 ' + diffDays + ' 天';
                            } else if (language === 'zh-HK') {
                                daysTip = '本站已運行 ' + diffDays + ' 天';
                            }
                            document.getElementById("sitetime").innerHTML = daysTip;
                        } else {
                            document.getElementById("year").innerHTML = startYear + " - " + todayYear;
                            var yearsAndDaysTip = 'This site has been running for ' + diffYears + ' years and '
                                + diffDays + ' days';
                            if (language === 'zh-CN') {
                                yearsAndDaysTip = '本站已运行 ' + diffYears + ' 年 ' + diffDays + ' 天';
                            } else if (language === 'zh-HK') {
                                yearsAndDaysTip = '本站已運行 ' + diffYears + ' 年 ' + diffDays + ' 天';
                            }
                            document.getElementById("sitetime").innerHTML = yearsAndDaysTip;
                        }
                    }

                    calcSiteTime();
                </script>
            
            <br>
            
        </div>
        <div class="col s12 m4 l4 social-link social-statis">
    <a href="https://github.com/kuangtianyu" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="访问我的GitHub" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fab fa-github"></i>
    </a>



    <a href="mailto:1575235124@qq.com" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="邮件联系我" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fas fa-envelope-open"></i>
    </a>







    <a href="tencent://AddContact/?fromId=50&fromSubId=1&subcmd=all&uin=1575235124" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="QQ联系我: 1575235124" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fab fa-qq"></i>
    </a>





    <a href="https://www.zhihu.com/people/kuang-tian-yu-59" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="关注我的知乎: https://www.zhihu.com/people/kuang-tian-yu-59" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fab fa-zhihu1">知</i>
    </a>



    <a href="/atom.xml" class="tooltipped" target="_blank" data-tooltip="RSS 订阅" data-position="top" data-delay="50">
        <i class="fas fa-rss"></i>
    </a>

</div>
    </div>
</footer>

<div class="progress-bar"></div>


    <!-- 搜索遮罩框 -->
<div id="searchModal" class="modal">
    <div class="modal-content">
        <div class="search-header">
            <span class="title"><i class="fas fa-search"></i>&nbsp;&nbsp;搜索</span>
            <input type="search" id="searchInput" name="s" placeholder="请输入搜索的关键字"
                   class="search-input">
        </div>
        <div id="searchResult"></div>
    </div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
    var searchFunc = function (path, search_id, content_id) {
        'use strict';
        $.ajax({
            url: path,
            dataType: "xml",
            success: function (xmlResponse) {
                // get the contents from search data
                var datas = $("entry", xmlResponse).map(function () {
                    return {
                        title: $("title", this).text(),
                        content: $("content", this).text(),
                        url: $("url", this).text()
                    };
                }).get();
                var $input = document.getElementById(search_id);
                var $resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
                $input.addEventListener('input', function () {
                    var str = '<ul class=\"search-result-list\">';
                    var keywords = this.value.trim().toLowerCase().split(/[\s\-]+/);
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = "";
                    if (this.value.trim().length <= 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                    // perform local searching
                    datas.forEach(function (data) {
                        var isMatch = true;
                        var data_title = data.title.trim().toLowerCase();
                        var data_content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "").toLowerCase();
                        var data_url = data.url;
                        data_url = data_url.indexOf('/') === 0 ? data.url : '/' + data_url;
                        var index_title = -1;
                        var index_content = -1;
                        var first_occur = -1;
                        // only match artiles with not empty titles and contents
                        if (data_title !== '' && data_content !== '') {
                            keywords.forEach(function (keyword, i) {
                                index_title = data_title.indexOf(keyword);
                                index_content = data_content.indexOf(keyword);
                                if (index_title < 0 && index_content < 0) {
                                    isMatch = false;
                                } else {
                                    if (index_content < 0) {
                                        index_content = 0;
                                    }
                                    if (i === 0) {
                                        first_occur = index_content;
                                    }
                                }
                            });
                        }
                        // show search results
                        if (isMatch) {
                            str += "<li><a href='" + data_url + "' class='search-result-title'>" + data_title + "</a>";
                            var content = data.content.trim().replace(/<[^>]+>/g, "");
                            if (first_occur >= 0) {
                                // cut out 100 characters
                                var start = first_occur - 20;
                                var end = first_occur + 80;
                                if (start < 0) {
                                    start = 0;
                                }
                                if (start === 0) {
                                    end = 100;
                                }
                                if (end > content.length) {
                                    end = content.length;
                                }
                                var match_content = content.substr(start, end);
                                // highlight all keywords
                                keywords.forEach(function (keyword) {
                                    var regS = new RegExp(keyword, "gi");
                                    match_content = match_content.replace(regS, "<em class=\"search-keyword\">" + keyword + "</em>");
                                });

                                str += "<p class=\"search-result\">" + match_content + "...</p>"
                            }
                            str += "</li>";
                        }
                    });
                    str += "</ul>";
                    $resultContent.innerHTML = str;
                });
            }
        });
    };

    searchFunc('/search.xml', 'searchInput', 'searchResult');
});
</script>

    <!-- 回到顶部按钮 -->
<div id="backTop" class="top-scroll">
    <a class="btn-floating btn-large waves-effect waves-light" href="#!">
        <i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i>
    </a>
</div>


    <script src="/libs/materialize/materialize.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/libs/masonry/masonry.pkgd.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/libs/aos/aos.js"></script>
    <script src="/libs/scrollprogress/scrollProgress.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/libs/lightGallery/js/lightgallery-all.min.js"></script>
    <script src="/js/matery.js"></script>

    <!-- Baidu Analytics -->

    <!-- Baidu Push -->

<script>
    (function () {
        var bp = document.createElement('script');
        var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
        if (curProtocol === 'https') {
            bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
        } else {
            bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
        }
        var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
        s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
    })();
</script>

    
    <script src="/libs/others/clicklove.js" async="async"></script>
    
    
    <script async src="/libs/others/busuanzi.pure.mini.js"></script>
    

    

    

    <!--腾讯兔小巢-->
    
    
    <script type="text/javascript" color="0,0,255"
        pointColor="0,0,255" opacity='0.7'
        zIndex="-1" count="99"
        src="/libs/background/canvas-nest.js"></script>
    

    
    
    <script type="text/javascript" size="150" alpha='0.6'
        zIndex="-1" src="/libs/background/ribbon-refresh.min.js" async="async"></script>
    

    
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/libs/background/ribbon-dynamic.js" async="async"></script>
    

    
    <script src="/libs/instantpage/instantpage.js" type="module"></script>
    

</body>

</html>
